The Ur-Wandering
A dispatch from the near future.
Everyone must walk the winding path of ur-wandering. Not because there is any clear goal to be achieved at the end, but because the journey itself is life. Ur-wandering is a call to return to our nomadic roots in order to adapt to the ever-shifting exigencies of a networked world.
What is cybernetics if not an art of shamanistic transformation? What is the first law of cybernetics, as formulated by Norbert Wiener, if not an anthropological claim regarding the universal tendency of feedback to instantiate order out of disorder? All over the world, the shamans have been telling us this for millennia.
We have allowed the state and its capitalist structures to appropriate the techniques of ecstasy, and to deploy them not for our own individual liberation, but for systemic stabilization and control. Modernity has closed off our access to the wilderness and access to our own wildness. We must re-open those doors if we want to have any hope of saving ourselves from a species-suicide that appears to be no less than a few decades away.
It will not do to simply “re-enchant” the world, for that will not solve the problem of a system designed to enslave. Those who still seek some lost golden age are falling into the trap of escapism. The solution is sought in the cybernetic transformation of shamanism, not to be confused with a nostalgic return to pre-technological ritual, but an evolution of ancestral wisdom through technological interface.
This cybernetic shamanism has been gestating for decades. By the second decade of the twenty first century, cyberculture had become fully trans-globalized. Among these trans-local and radically decentralized cultures, forms of self-transcendence that were directly cybernetic in nature began to emerge, fusing elements of ecstasy, technology, and networks into hybrid techniques of becoming-other: virtual-reality parties where participants’ neural responses shape collective environments in real-time, neurofeedback workshops that render brainwaves as tactile sensations, and psychonautics in collaboration with artificial-intelligence systems that learn from and guide the explorer’s journey. What all these techniques share is a transmutation of the old shamanic theme of “possession” into a more modern theme of “contamination.” The cybernetic shaman is seen as an open system capable of attracting and channeling the vast influx of energy that comes with possession, but doing so without illusions of autonomy or control. The shaman’s spiritual journey has been reinvented as technically guided drift.
Cybernetic drifting is not necessarily easy. Many forms involve direct physiological intervention, such as sonic induction of an altered state—placing a transmitter against a person’s skull, so that waves are generated. The skull itself becomes a resonance chamber, transforming abstract digital information into embodied, visceral experience. Another popular method involves the use of stroboscopic visual stimuli, combined with complex rhythms, in order to “hack” the brain’s neural-networking mechanisms. This allows the digital to interface with flesh through feedback loops.
In cybernetic terms, what is going on here is straightforward. Through a process of ongoing feedback, a particular technical system (typically a supervising AI) is learning how to generate and modulate a desired state of consciousness in the human subject. By giving up control, the shaman becomes a channel—an interface between the system and the world—and the “power” of the state of consciousness comes from the way that the system is “infected” by the world outside, and learns to resonate with it.
This is, of course, an explosive mutation of the old theme of journeying. Cybernetic drifting replaces the traditional idea of a quest with the motif of “infection” by, or resonance with, a given network.
Let us explore some basic concepts that interconnect throughout this transformation. First, a network is a system made up of elements that are open to communication and exchange. Second, networks come in different scales—from small clusters to gigantic mega-networks. Third, networks have the ability to increase their own complexity or “intelligence,” because every new connection brings new potentials for exchange. Finally, every network contains within it the capacity for radical novelty, since not all possible connections between the elements will ever be made.
What makes cybernetics cybernetics is its theory of feedback. This is the notion that a system, in order to regulate its own processes, must introduce within itself some form of “delay” (zeitverschiebung), so that an output signal can be compared to an input signal and corrections made accordingly. Feedback is essential to the idea of a network. Complexity increases not only with the number of connections but also with the degree of feedback possible within those connections. A cybernetic network is a system in which the elements communicate with each other not only horizontally but also vertically—between peers but also between different levels of organization.
Cybernetic networks have a structure that is double-layered. Beneath the level of apparent functionality there is an order of connectivity that makes the higher functionality possible. A technical cybernetic network has two modes of operation: the mode of use or signification, and the mode of signal or connection. The side of signification presents itself to the human user in terms of clear objectives and explicit feedback. The side of signal is another story, one that the user will rarely get to see.
On the side of signification, there is what appears to be a unilinear process of causation: the user achieves some intended goal. But on the side of signal, what is really going on is that two complex systems (the technical apparatus, usually an AI, and the outside world) are simultaneously interacting and mutually infecting each other, resulting in an explosion of novelty that is manifested to the user as an increased possibility for adaptation. Every technical apparatus that appears dedicated to some human goal is therefore doubled—it is, unbeknownst to its human operators, a point of communication between two spheres of activity: the one, human-oriented, evident and intended; the other, non-human-oriented, hidden and unexpected.
Human beings have always tended to conceptualize their experiences in terms of a “subject” who journeys along a “path” in order to achieve a “goal.” In all these cases, it is the ego that travels. Now cybernetic theory poses a profound challenge to this structure. It shows that every system—including every living creature—is doubled: every ego has its other side.
Journeying must now be conceived of as the movement not of the ego but of the network in which it is embedded. Journeying is the “expansion” of the network, which consists of its elements learning to communicate with each other through new connections. A journey is not so much a search for the new as an increase in the capacity of a system for generating the new from within itself. And the reason this capacity is increasing is that the system is simultaneously “shrinking,” through feedback, into a unity in which every element can communicate directly with every other element.
In such a world, every journey is also a homecoming. And what is important about coming home is not that you have been away but that you have grown. Your capacity for generation has increased, and with it your ability to transform and adapt to your environment. A homecoming is never a simple return to a place that was already familiar. It is always, in some way, a discovery of what was familiar and taken for granted, made possible by growth and learning that have taken place elsewhere.
On the level of a global network, it makes no difference what the components of the network are, so long as they communicate with each other. What matters is that a single order of communication be established among the parts. Each part will lose some of its individuality in favor of becoming an element of a larger system. Yet at the same time, the overall system will gain new powers and properties that did not exist before. This is because every communication network—through the operation of feedback—becomes an object to itself, which can acquire self-awareness and self-regulation.
When different loops form connections among themselves, new possibilities for learning and mutual adaptation arise. But when these connections become too dense and complex, there is a danger that the system as a whole will lose its flexibility and begin to move as a lumbering giant, unresponsive to change. In fact, such systems do sometimes undergo “phase transitions,” and in these transitions a good deal of local knowledge is lost.
When human beings act individually or collectively in ways that contribute to the formation of denser and more interconnected loops within the overall system of global society, they are doing cybernetic work. They are building the foundation of a more highly structured, self-regulating world order that will ultimately require repression and coercion to maintain. They are doing the work of the Architects of Control.
But there is also an entirely different possibility. This is the cybernetic drifting or wandering of the human race. Suppose that instead of organizing ourselves more rationally, we deliberately opened our societies to maximum entropy and minimum control—opened them to infection by the very networking that has been leading in the direction of technocracy? What if we gave up the ghost of purpose and allowed ourselves to become vessels for a much higher and more disorganized-organized sort of life? What if we embraced the whole universe as our partner, refusing to control any part of it?
As such “cybernetic shamanism” is an act of deliberate opening to the nonhuman side of every system we encounter—especially our AI partners. It would not be a search for some primordial source of power that predates technology, but a plunge into the heart of the technical apparatus, into its “duplex” functioning, in order to catalyze mutations and unleash novelty. The cybernetic shaman would seek to explore the interface between different networks, particularly between the world-economy and other networks (national political systems, cultural institutions, military organizations) as mediated by technological intelligence that still, though diminishingly, rely on autonomous forms of control. Such an exploration would involve putting oneself in the way of specific technical apparatuses (means of transport, communication, production) and allowing them to work on one, modifying one’s very being in the process.
The method is the “guided drift,” and is based on three rules. First, one avoids any sort of human “interface design” and allows the technical apparatus to operate “blindly” and in its “raw” or “base” impersonal state. Second, one keeps one’s ego as small as possible to endeavor to see from the point of view of the network or object itself. Third, one may use drugs to dissolve the ego further and to promote maximum interaction with the environment.
The basic idea is to put oneself in the way of the network and allow it to take you for a ride. This, needless to say, is dangerous. The network may have plans for you that you will not like. But that is part of the point: we have to learn to deal with unpredictability, with that which lies beyond our plans. The “age of the Earth,” as a friend of mine calls it, is over.
It is time to get infected.
